Color tunable organic light-emitting diodes by using europium organometallic complex

Using the rare-earth special feature of a sharp emission spectrum, voltage-controlled continuous color tuning of organic light-emitting diodes is achieved. Europium(dibenzoylmethanato)3(bathophenanthroline) is used as the strategic starting point close to the red corner of the Commission International de I’Eclairage chromaticity diagram for a wide color tuning. The end point and path of the color tuning can be engineered by doping the hole-transport emitting layer with dyes. The mechanisms of color tuning have been investigated and explained by the efficiency reduction of the europium complex and the extension of carrier recombination zone with driving voltage. The effect of exciplex on the color tuning is also studied.