The effect of excess iron-doping in piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) on the microstructure was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the site of the iron functional centers. A crystalline secondary magnetic phase formed upon sintering, magnetoplumbite (PbFe12O19), has been unequivocally identified. Furthermore, the phase assemblage observed in the Fe3+-doped PZT 60/40 sample could be correlated with an exchange-coupled resonance in the EPR spectra.
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Kleebe et al. (2009) studied this question.
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