Life‐Cycle Assessment of a Sewage‐Treatment Plant in South‐East Asia

This paper analyses the environmental impacts of a large‐scale sewage‐treatment plant and identifies opportunities for environmental performance improvements over the three life‐cycle phases of construction, operation and demolition. Results show that nearly 70% of energy consumption occurred during the operation phase, which was lower than the normal energy consumption level of the conventional activated‐sludge process. The results of the life‐cycle assessment may have implications in material selection, energy management, process design, supplier and contractor management, and environmental policy making.