Biological impact and importance of functional amino acids in pig nutrition

Increasing pig productivity and maintaining animal health without the use of antibiotics and other growth stimulants are key challenges in modern pig farming. In addition to the long-standing ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock farming, in 2022, the EU also introduced a ban on the use of zinc oxide in piglet feeding due to the environmental contamination risks. In order to overcome the food deficit and improve the overall productivity of the industry, selective breeding is being carried out in pig farming to enhance the litter size of sows. However, this often leads to the birth of a large number of small piglets that require special care to ensure adequate nutrition to support their growth and development. One such approach is the use of functional amino acids in animal feeding, as recent studies have shown the impact of amino acids on metabolism and the body as a whole, their utilization, exchange, and application to improve productivity, health, and animal well-being. The correct selection and use of functional amino acids in pig feeding can contribute not only to increased productivity but also to improved product quality and reproductive performance. The aim of this review was to summarize data from the last 10 – 15 years regarding the use of functional amino acids in the feeding of pigs from various groups. An analysis of the literature showed that the use of functional amino acids in pig feeding can enhance their productivity and serve as an alternative to banned substances, especially during critical periods of life, as well as for stimulating growth and productivity in animals.