The University of Colorado's Ultraviolet Spectrometer instrument carried on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft is a 125 mm f/5 Ebert-Fastie design with a 250-mm Cassegrainian telescope. The instrument has extensive logic to control the grating motor drive and to adapt the basic spectrometer to the constraints and opportunities of the mission. Success has been achieved in reconciling the confficting requirements of spectroscopic, limb profile, and imaging observations. A description of the instrument operating techniques is given together with representative results of all three types.
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A. I. F. Stewart (1980) studied this question.