An extensively redesigned muffle system is presented incorporating improved design features, such as rigid external fixation and machined internal indexing to enable a more accurate, clinically relevant, and reproducible evaluation of root canal anatomy before and after preparation. Given the ability to directly observe and quantify changes in the root canal system, the information obtained using this design is comprehensive. In each tooth pretreatment evaluation provides the ideal control, reinforcing the suitability of this technique.
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Kuttler et al. (2001) studied this question.
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