Propagation measurements and modeling of lmds radio channel in singapore

The paper reports propagation measurements conducted in urban, suburban, and rural environments of Singapore at 27.4 GHz and studies on excess loss, K-factor, mean delay, and delay-spread characteristics. Also, static and time-variant channel impulse response (IR) models, developed from the measurements, are reported. The static channel IR models are classified into good, moderate, and bad channel types according to the signal reception quality. A generalized tapped delay-line model is presented to represent the time-varying complex channel IR. Finally, the delay characteristics from simple channel IR simulations are compared with the measured results.