Heterogeneity identification and dynamic transition analysis of taxi operating strategies under single-shift and double-shift operations

Using cruising taxi data from Lanzhou, this study examines differences in taxi operating behavior under Single-shift and Double-shift modes. It constructs an indicator system covering operating time characteristics and spatial patterns and applies Latent Profile Analysis to identify taxi operating profiles. Period-specific state transition matrices are used to describe dynamic changes among Occupied, Cruising, and Non-Work states. The results show six operating profiles with distinct temporal and spatial characteristics. Double-shift vehicles generally operate longer and have higher nighttime operating ratios, whereas Single-shift vehicles are more concentrated during peak periods. State transition differences are mainly observed during nighttime and evening off-peak periods, when Double-shift vehicles are more likely to return from Non-Work to Occupied. Energy type is also associated with the distribution of operating profiles. These findings inform shift handover arrangements, period-specific operational guidance, and refueling and charging service optimization for new-energy taxis.