Progress in Advanced Ceramic Fibers: From Spinning Techniques to Frontier Applications

Although ceramic materials exhibit excellent thermal stability, high melting points, and chemical inertness, their intrinsic brittleness restricts their application across various fields. To address this challenge, ceramic fibers possessing the flexibility and functionality demanded by advanced applications have emerged. This review provides an overview of recent progress in ceramic fibers, emphasizing four major spinning techniques, including melt spinning, electrospinning, solution blow spinning, and wet spinning, along with their underlying fabrication mechanisms and process–structure relationships. The fibrous architectures (including aerogels, textiles, and membranes) demonstrate exceptional performance in thermal protection, extreme environment, wave absorption, thermoelectric energy conversion, and wearable electronic textiles and high-temperature catalysis. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in scalable continuous production, long-term stability under realistic service conditions, multifunctional integration, and cost-effective sustainability. This review provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical, large-scale deployment in aerospace, energy, and electronic systems.