Economic Emission Dispatch of Power Systems Using an Improved Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer

With the increasing conflict between economic and environmental objectives in power systems, the economic emission dispatch (EED) problem has become a highly constrained, nonlinear, and strongly non-convex multi-objective optimization problem due to valve-point effects and nonlinear constraints such as network losses. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an improved multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (IMOGWO). The proposed method enhances search performance through four strategies: a hybrid initialization scheme combining circle chaotic mapping and Latin hypercube sampling to improve population diversity, a dream-inspired group perturbation mechanism to strengthen global exploration, a nonlinearly decreasing convergence factor to dynamically balance exploration and exploitation, and a hybrid update strategy incorporating Lévy flight to avoid local optima. Experimental results demonstrate that IMOGWO can effectively balance the trade-off between generation cost and pollutant emissions while exhibiting competitive performance in terms of convergence behavior, solution quality, and stability.