Why the study?
What are the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with congenital heart diseases with or without pulmonary hypertension in children?
What are the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with congenital heart diseases with or without pulmonary hypertension in children?
Parental consanguinity, maternal smoking, and deficient folic acid intake are significant modifiable risk factors for congenital heart diseases in children.
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May inform preconception counseling on modifiable risks; hypothesis-generating pending prospective confirmation.
Ragab et al. (2018) studied this question.
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