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The electro-optic coefficient r13 of LiNbO3 has been measured at DC, using a phase modulator fabricated using He+ ion implantation, and has produced a mean value for r13 of (8.13 ± 0.4)×10−12 mV−1, which is ~20% lower than previously reported values measured using modulators fabricated using other waveguide technologies.
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Reed et al. (1987) studied this question.
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