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Simulations of the drift-cone instability in a uniform magnetic field have shown agreement with the nonlinear theory of Myer and Simon (but only for a single mode and a weakly unstable, partially filled loss-cone velocity distribution) and with a theory that invokes ion trapping and a simple free-energy argument (for a spectrum of modes and for severe loss-cone distributions). These simulations have been performed with a particle-fluid hybrid code.
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Cohen et al. (1980) studied this question.
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