Temperature gradient and electron gyroradius effects on lower hybrid drift—Drift cyclotron instabilities

Electron and ion temperature gradients, as well as finite electron gyroradius (kρe≳1), have been retained to analyze the stability of electrostatic drift waves in the local approximation from the lower hybrid down to the ion cyclotron frequency. The instability conditions indicate the importance of these modes over this entire frequency range in a variety of applications.