Catalytic ROS Therapy in Glioblastoma: A Review of the Disruptive Strategy to Target Telomerase, Induce Apoptosis, and Redefine Cancer Treatment

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Catalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) therapy emerges as a disruptive approach, leveraging oxidative stress to selectively target tumor vulnerabilities. This review explores the mechanistic foundations of ROS therapy, including telomerase inhibition, apoptosis induction, and disruption of redox homeostasis. Advanced delivery strategies, including nanoparticle-based platforms and gene therapy, improve therapeutic effectiveness. Preclinical and emerging clinical evidence underscore the potential of ROS-based interventions, particularly in synergy with immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Overcoming resistance mechanisms via antioxidant pathway modulation and AI-driven therapy personalization could improve its clinical application. Catalytic ROS therapy provides a paradigm change, providing a new option for precision medicine in GBM therapy.