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August 27, 2026npj ComplexityOpen Access

Spectra of random graphs with discrete scale invariance

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Authors

ACAlessio CatanzaroRHRajat Subhra HazraDGDiego Garlaschelli

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Overview

Spectral analysis reveals log-periodic leading eigenvalues in scale-invariant random graphs, highlighting discrete self-similarity in complex network structures.

Key Points

  • To determine the behavior of the leading eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix in random graph models invariant under node aggregation.
  • Constructed annealed random graphs of n nodes endowed with Pareto(α)-distributed fitness parameters where 0 < α < 1.
  • Analytically solved for the leading spectral properties of the network adjacency matrix using the Gamma function in the complex plane.
  • Leading eigenvalues scale at order √n, alternate in sign, and align at the intersections between the real axis and an analytical logarithmic spiral.
  • Associated eigenvectors display complex-valued scaling exponents and log-periodicity, confirming discrete scale invariance.
  • An increasing number of leading eigenvalues emerge from the spectral bulk, which broadens up to order √n to match structural eigenvalue scales.

Cite This Study

Catanzaro et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8fe91710c91c1e92620b62https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-026-00098-8
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