Longitudinal panel modeling reveals non-significant short-term effects of effort–reward imbalance on well-being, indicating that imbalance operates primarily as a chronic stressor over time.
= 937)-to examine Work and Home ERI as dynamic constructs. Based on the ERI theory, we hypothesized significant within-person, within-domain relationships between ERI and well-being (exhaustion) and performance (job and family performance) outcomes. We also explored cross-domain relationships between Work/Home ERI and home/work outcomes. Data were analyzed using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models with continuous time structural equation modeling. Contrary to hypotheses, the lagged effects of Work and Home ERI on most outcomes were not significant, both within and across domains, which was largely consistent across the two studies. In light of the extant literature, our results suggest that ERI may function primarily as a chronic rather than acute stressor, with well-being and functional consequences emerging only after sustained exposure. In sum, our research calls for further investigation to better understand when and how ERI becomes detrimental. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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