Low-carbon city pilots and the mental health of older adults: quasi-experimental evidence from China

Mental health is a key but often overlooked determinant of overall well-being, with profound implications for quality of life and public health costs. Using CFPS data from 2010 to 2022, this study employs a multi-period DID model to examine the impact of “Low-Carbon City” pilot programs on the mental health of older adults in China. The results show that the program significantly enhances the mental health of elderly individuals. Mechanism analysis indicates that improvements in mental health are primarily achieved through reduced environmental pollution and increased frequency of physical exercise. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the mental health benefits of low-carbon city pilot programs are particularly pronounced among older adults with lower education and income, urban residents, and women. These findings offer valuable policy insights for promoting the mental well-being of older populations and advancing the goal of “healthy aging”.