Non-Subjects in the Ontology of EFOS: Typology, Status, and Relational Nature

This article provides a systematic description of non-subjects — entities that a given observer does not consider subjects based on their criteria — within the ontology of EFOS (Entity That Forming Objects and Subjects). The work is a mirror reflection of the article on non-objects and completes the analysis of the boundaries of the observer's categorical grid. A non-subject is defined as an entity that, at a given moment (for a given observer at a given G), does not satisfy at least one of five criteria of subjectivity: perspective, boundary-distinction, activity, meaning-making, and self-reference. These criteria are not absolute but depend on the observer, their cognitive abilities, cultural context, and the level of description G. A typology of non-subjects is developed: (1) object-non-subjects — entities that are objects but not subjects (physical bodies, machines); (2) non-object-non-subjects — entities that are neither objects nor subjects (Apeiron, EFOS as a source); (3) quasi-subjects — entities that partially satisfy the criteria of subjectivity but not fully (animals with primitive nervous systems, early forms of AI). The relational nature of categories is demonstrated: the classification of an entity as a subject or non-subject depends on the observer and their criteria. Non-subjects can be known as objects (if they are objects) or indirectly through their influence. A testing program is proposed through markers of non-subjectivity (negation of markers of subjectivity) with a roadmap. A comparison is made with functionalism, behaviorism, Searle's intentionality, Chalmers' hard problem, the Turing test, and legal approaches. The article concludes with open questions and an invitation to collaboration. The introduction of the category of non-subjects complements the ontological vertical: EFOS → (subjects / non-subjects) → (objects / non-objects) → information.