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Experimental study demonstrates single-emitter photon flux estimation in dynamic ensembles using quantum retrodiction, highlighting a method to resolve previously unattainable emission rates.
Photon emission in biological and chemical systems often consists of large numbers of moving nanoscale emitters with a high spatial density. Estimating the flux of a single emitter within the ensemble is challenging and can be beyond the limit of current imaging techniques. We introduce a generalised quantum retrodiction technique that estimates the single emitter flux from measurements in complex, dynamic systems. We first experimentally validate this using a solution of fluorescent molecules, and then apply it to a cloud of sonoluminescent bubbles in which the single bubble flux is otherwise unattainable. Our approach provides a quantum-informed experimental determination of single emitter photon emission rates in nanophotonic and photoluminescent systems.
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Lane et al. (2026) studied this question.
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