An efficient numerical approach for modeling microstrip-type antennas

An efficient numerical approach to model antennas that include a microstrip element radiating in the presence of material layers is developed. The class of antennas considered is fed through the ground plane by a coaxial transmission line. The reaction integral equation is formulated by treating the coaxial aperture as part of the antenna. The substrate thickness can be arbitrary, making this numerical technique suitable for high-frequency applications. The effects of the substrate are also included in the analysis. Numerical results are obtained for the current distribution and input impedance. The algorithm is validated with experimental results.>