A convenient and efficient approach for removing the spurious dc modes in finite-element solutions for modeling microwave tubes is proposed. This method is based on higher-order hierarchical-basis functions and is able to deal with both standard and rotated periodic boundary conditions. The application of this approach results in a robust, accurate, and efficient eigensolver for slow-wave structures, which significantly reduces the required memory and computational time.
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Xu et al. (2010) studied this question.
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