Impact of agriculture on the built form of Al-Alkhalaf

This study is part of a comprehensive investigation of traditional settlements in the highland of Southwestern Saudi Arabia. The present study focuses on several factors which influenced the urban development of Al-Alkhalaf and its surroundings. The investigation began with the exploration of kinship systems as an underlying force that shaped the urban and economic structure of the village which is considered the principal determinant of the settlement built form and environment. The role of climate and topography in the urban and economic structure is examined, an influence highlighted by the unique pattern of agronomic, building and design techniques. The influence of Islamic and tribal laws on agricultural and building practices is investigated, a pertinent relationship which is viewed through the integration between the agricultural fields and the built form of the village, the layout of streets, open spaces, warning and defence towers, and residential areas.