Take the tube: Self-organization of shape-persistent macrocycles in the liquid-crystalline phase by π–π stacking leads to empty nanochannels that have an inner diameter above one nanometer and either tight or more permeable walls (see picture). Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm that the channels do not contain solvent molecules or alkyl chains.
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Fritzsche et al. (2011) studied this question.
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