Phosphorus, Aquaculture, and the Environment

Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient in fish feed used in aquaculture. Several important advancements have been made in this field over the past few decades that have contributed to the continuous increase in aquaculture production while reducing its environmental impact. The goal of sustainable aquaculture production, however, is still far from being achieved with fish retaining only ∼40% of P in modern commercial fish feeds. This review highlights five major issues concerning P and explores practical approaches toward their resolution. The sustainable development of aquaculture is largely contingent upon the outcomes of problem-solving research rather than efforts to generate knowledge or to simply collecting data.