We analyze self-trapping of one-dimensional optical beams in photorefractive, photovoltaic media for open- and closed-circuit realizations. We show that a passive load (resistor) in the external circuit can be used for switching of dark photovoltaic solitons. Dark solitons in a short-circuited crystal can be obtained for a much smaller nonlinearity than in open-circuit conditions. Shorting the crystal affects bright solitons very little.
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Segev et al. (1997) studied this question.
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