The former USSR led the way with the most children adopted from overseas into the United States from 1997‐1999. This study (a) characterizes overall functioning of adoptees and (b) utilizes hierarchical regression analysis to evaluate both risks and protective influences of adoptive families and their relationships to child competence. Competence levels ranged from challenged to developmentally normal. Family cohesion and expressiveness were significantly associated with higher levels of child competence.
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McGuinness et al. (2000) studied this question.
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