Comparison of freehand technique and a novel laser-guiding navigation system in femoral neck-cannulated screw fixation: a randomized controlled trial

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Flowchart of the study design, including in-vivo and in-vitro experiments

• 

  Fig. 2. Work principle sketch maps of the laser guiding navigation device (A). This meant that the horizontal plane X-ray central fluoroscopy axis of G arm (the green line), vertical plane X-ray central fluoroscopy axis (the red line) and the target screw passage central axis (the blue line) remain coaxial, known as “three-line coaxial” (B, C). The blue tube represented target channel (B)

• 

  Fig. 3. The sawbone femoral neck model was firmly fixed in the blind box (A). Ensured that the distal guide pin (Φ = 2 mm) was drilled along the red and green laser lines and confirmed that the Kirschner wire passed through target chanel through fluoroscopy (B). The other two guide pins were also placed by the parallel drill guide

• 

  Fig. 4. A The physical photos of the laser guiding navigation device. The horizontal red-light laser pointer and the coronal green-light laser pointer were fixed to the G-arm’s image intensifier by the special round strap. The angle of the laser pointer was determined by the position of the two positioning rings. B X-ray fluoroscopy confirmed that the Kirschner wires were inserted in the ideal position by laser. C X-ray fluoroscopy confirmed that the femoral neck cannulated screws were Inserted

• 

  Fig. 5. Preoperative X-ray and three-dimensional CT image of 39 years male with femoral neck fracture (A, B). X-ray image of this patient undertaken femoral neck cannulated screws with the laser guiding navigation device, and the fracture healed after operation 3 months later (C, D)

• 

  Fig. 6. The box plot showed that the laser group was better than the FH group in terms of operation time and radiation exposure time, in-vitro experiments

• 

  Fig. 7. The box plot showed that the laser group was better than the FH group in terms of operation time and radiation exposure time and blood loss, in-vivo experiments