Time- and two-dimensional (2-D) space-resolved monochromatic imaging is used to study the dynamics of Ne-like populations in the electron collisionally excited germanium x-ray laser. Large-scale variations in the n=3 level population, specifically the upper level of the 2s2p63d-2s2p63p laser transition, are observed in plasmas created in uniform and nonuniform irradiation conditions, and the degree of homogeneity along the amplification axis is related to the x-ray gain. The influence of inhomogeneities on the core-excited 3d-3p x-ray lasers is discussed.
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Nantel et al. (1993) studied this question.