Fungal Community Analysis of Fungus Gardens in Termite Nests

Fungus-growing termites cultivate fungi of the genus Termitomyces in gardens inside their nests. Despite various reports of the presence of Termitomyces in these gardens, the entire fungal community structure of the gardens has not yet been described. To clarify whether the fungal crops in the gardens are monocultures of Termitomyces, we examined 18 fungus gardens derived from 5 species of fungus-growing termites covering 3 genera. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences revealed that non-Termitomyces fungi might have inhabited the gardens. However, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis clearly demonstrated that non-Termitomyces fungi made up only a minor population within the gardens. This suggests that the fungus gardens were maintained as almost complete monocultures of Termitomyces.