A field emission triode device has been fabricated using self-organized nanodot arrays as the electron emission source. Uniform nanodot arrays of titanium oxide were prepared from the film stack on silicon substrates by electrochemical anodization. The field emission triodes with titanium oxide nanodot emitters exhibited a low gate turn-on voltage of and high emission current density of at . The excellent electric properties and easily controllable fabrication process of the nanodot triodes show potential applications for field emission displays and vacuum microelectronics.
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Chen et al. (2005) studied this question.
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