Turning on electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by creating robust Fe–N x species in hollow carbon frameworks via in situ growth of Fe doped ZIFs on g-C 3 N 4

Iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising candidates to substitute conventional Pt/C electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the benefits of high efficiency and affordable price. Unfortunately, Fe is prone to aggregation upon high-temperature treatment, which may cover the active sites of the Fe-Nx species and further affect the ORR performance. Thus, the key issue is to avoid Fe aggregation and keep it uniformly dispersed as much as possible. In this work, Fe-N-C catalysts with robust Fe-Nx species in hollow carbon frameworks were created via in situ growth of Fe doped Zn based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) on g-C3N4 with the subsequent pyrolysis treatment. The developed catalysts demonstrate superb ORR activity, high resistance to methanol and ultralong stability as compared with traditional Pt/C catalysts in alkaline solution. The brilliant performance benefits from the firm connection and robust structure of the optimal Fe-Nx species that are homogeneously dispersed in the hollow carbon frameworks. This work presents a facile and reasonable strategy for the development of excellent ORR electrocatalysts.