Metal- and nonmetal-catalyzed synthesis of five-membered S,N-heterocycles

Due to significant biological activity associated with N-, O- and S-heterocycles, a number of reports for their synthesis have appeared in recent decades. The metal- and nonmetal-catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles is becoming an important and highly rewarding protocol in organic synthesis. This review summarizes the applications of metal and nonmetal as a catalyst for the synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. It describes the formation of five-membered heterocyclic rings.