Regulation of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid synthesis by liver fatty acid-binding protein.

Recently we have detected and partially purified a 15-kDa cytosolic L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-binding protein (LPABP), which stimulates export of LPA from mitochondria (Vancura, A., Carroll, M. A., and Haldar, D. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 339-343). Now we have purified this protein to homogeneity. By Western immunoblot analysis, amino acid sequence analysis, and binding characteristics we have shown that LPABP is identical with liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP). This protein binds LPA, and stimulates mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GAT) and the export of LPA from both the organelles. The mitochondrially synthesized LPA exported by L-FABP can be converted to phosphatidic acid by microsomes. L-FABP also stimulates microsomal conversion of LPA to phosphatidic acid but strongly inhibits this reaction in mitochondria. However, in the absence of L-FABP mitochondria predominantly synthesize PA. Taken together, these findings are suggestive that L-FABP plays a major role in mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid metabolism by regulating both the synthesis and utilization of LPA.