The KEYNOTE-042(1,2) trial showed a benefit of treating patients with non-oncogene addicted advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 tumour proportion score over 50% with Pembrolizumab as monotherapy over platinum doublet chemotherapy. To contextualize these results, we undertake a detailed emulation of the inclusion criteria in Keynote–042 using Norwegian health registry data, and discuss both the clinical context, as well as the general utility of such registry data for pharmacoepidemiologic research in oncology. Within the population of patients with PD-L1 tumour proportion score over 50%, an observational analogue of an intention to treat analysis showed similar results to those of the Keynote-042 study.
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Brant et al. (2024) studied this question.