The Prognostic Significance of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure Patients with Varying Estimated Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. Flow-chart of recruitment, grouping and follow-up of patients with heart failure. LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

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  Fig. 2.. Unadjusted relationship between a continuous ePASP and the hazard ratios for cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in the study sample. Shades areas show the 95% CI for the HR at every single pressure level. The dashed red line represents an ePASP of 50 mmHg. ePASP, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure; CV, cardiovascular; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; HR, heart rates.

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  Fig. 3.. The relationship between ePASP and LV function in non-severe and severe MR group. Boxplots for (A) LVEF, (B) logarithmic form of NT-proBNP, and (C) LVEDD, comparing patients with ePASP <50 mmHg and ePASP ≥50 mmHg in the non-severe and severe MR groups. ns, not significant; * = p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001. LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; ePASP, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure; NTproBNP, N-terminal pro- B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic dimension; LV, left ventricle.

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  Fig. 4.. Accumulated risks for both the primary and secondary endpoints in all patients classified by degrees of MR. Survival curves for the primary endpoint (A) (log rank p < 0.0001), cardiovascular death (B) (log rank p < 0.0001) and HFH (C) (log rank p = 0.0081) comparing patients with in non-severe and severe MR groups. Log rank test was used to compared the difference between two groups. CV, cardiovascular; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; MR, mitral regurgitation.

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  Fig. 5.. Accumulated risk for both the primary and secondary endpoints in patients with ePASP <50 mmHg, classified by degrees of MR. Survival curves comparing patients in non-severe and severe MR groups for (A) the primary endpoint (log rank p = 0.051); (B) cardiovascular death (log rank p = 0.047); and (C) HFH (log rank p = 0.089). CV, cardiovascular; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; MR, mitral regurgitation; ePASP, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure.

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  Fig. 6.. Accumulated risks for both the primary and secondary endpoints in patients with ePASP ≥50 mmHg, classified by degrees of MR. Survival curves comparing patients in non-severe and severe MR groups for (A) the primary endpoint (log rank p < 0.0001); (B) cardiovascular death (log rank p < 0.0001; and (C) HFH (log rank p = 0.063). CV, cardiovascular; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; MR, mitral regurgitation; ePASP, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure.