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The effects of processing parameters on phase formation of hydrothermally synthesized bismuth ferrites were investigated. Bi 25 FeO 40 , BiFeO 3 , and Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 with different morphologies and grain size were synthesized by dissolving bismuth nitrate and iron nitrate in KOH solution at reaction time ranging from 3 to 20 h. The subcrystallized part of BiFeO 3 obtained with reaction time of 4 and 5 h displayed strong saturation magnetization of ~2.914 emu/g. The results of the electron spin resonance ( ESR ) indicated each unpaired spin providing a net magnetic moment which eventually led to the enhancement of the saturated magnetization. Furthermore, Zero‐field‐cooled ( ZFC ) and field‐cooled ( FC ) magnetization curves exhibited spin‐glass freezing behavior in all the samples. And the low‐temperature magnetic hysteresis loop displayed the ferromagnetism of BiFeO 3 with different structures and the phenomenon of exchange bias, respectively.
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Wu et al. (2012) studied this question.
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