CT-based fractional flow reserve: development and expanded application

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Typical coronary tree structure reconstructed from CT images. Left: direct reconstruction from raw CT images13, right: the centreline of an arterial tree reconstructed using a machine-learning enhancement5.

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  Figure 2.. ROC curves of various CT-based FFR computation methods. Noorgaard et al.30 (HeartFlow FFRCT, left), Kruk et al.14 (Siemens cFFR noted as CTA FFR, middle) and Ko et al.15 (Toshiba CT-FFR, right). The AUC of CTA FFR in the mid panel is 0.835.

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  Figure 3.. X-ray angiogram showing coronary artery morphology change under dobutamine stress (left) and intravascular pressure measurement across MB section under dobutamine and adenosine stress (right), reported by Escaned et al.46. Pa, aortic pressure; Pd, intracoronary pressure distal to the MB.

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  Figure 4.. Example result of computationally predicted blood flow and Pd/Pa in renal artery stenoses54. Three-dimensional model and flow pattern example (left) and a comparison between measured and computed Pd/Pa (right).

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  Figure 5.. CT-based FFR computation of aortoiliac stenosis (left)59 and collateral vessel network around common femoral artery stenoses (right)62.