Molecular Hallmarks of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: The “INOCA versus Obstructive CCS” Challenge

Figures

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  Figure 1. Histogram showing expression of pooled PBMC-cDNAs of INOCA (n = 10) and ObCCS (n = 10) patients. INOCA = ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery; ObCCS = obstructive chronic coronary syndrome; PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell; ADAMTS13 = ADAM Metallopeptidase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 13; ALOX5 = Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; CD31 = Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; CD44 = Hyaluronan receptor; EDN1 = Endothelin 1; GPX1 = Glutathione peroxidase 1; HYAL2 = Hyaluronidase 2; ICAM1 = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; LGALS8 = Galectin 8; MMP1 = Matrix metalloproteinase 1; MMP2 = Matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP9 = Matrix metalloproteinase 9; NOS3 = Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PI16 = Peptidase Inhibitor 16; PLA2G7 = Phospholipase A2 Group VII; SOD1 = Superoxide dismutase 1; TFRC = Transferrin Receptor; TIMP1 = TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1; TNF = Tumor Necrosis Factor; VCAM1 = Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGFA = Vascular endothelial growth factor A.

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  Figure 2. Protein–protein association network visualized by STRING. Each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus, while each edge represents the number of protein–protein associations. Only interactions with a high confidence score of ≥0.7 are shown. The color saturation of the edges represents the confidence score of the functional association [17]. ADAMTS13 = ADAM Metallopeptidase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 13; ALOX5 = Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; CD31 = Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; CD44 = Hyaluronan receptor; EDN1 = Endothelin 1; GPX1 = Glutathione peroxidase 1; HYAL2 = Hyaluronidase 2; ICAM1 = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; LGALS8 = Galectin 8; MMP1 = Matrix metalloproteinase 1; MMP2 = Matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP9 = Matrix metalloproteinase 9; NOS3 = Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PI16 = Peptidase Inhibitor 16; PLA2G7 = Phospholipase A2 Group VII; SOD1 = Superoxide dismutase 1; TFRC = Transferrin Receptor; TIMP1 = TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1; TNF = Tumor Necrosis Factor; VCAM1 = Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGFA = Vascular endothelial growth factor A.

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  Figure 3. Histograms showing expression of PBMC-cDNAs of INOCA (n = 18) and ObCCS (n = 20) patients. INOCA = ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery; ObCCS = obstructive chronic coronary syndrome; PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell; CD31 = Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; HYAL2 = Hyaluronidase 2; ICAM1 = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; TFRC = Transferrin Receptor; TNF = Tumor Necrosis Factor; VEGFA = Vascular endothelial growth factor A.

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  Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the prediction of INOCA/ObCCS based on the gene expression of CD31, ICAM1, TFRC, TNF, VEGFA, HYAL2. The area under the curve (AUC) equals 0.5 when the ROC curve corresponds to random chance and 1.0 for perfect accuracy. An AUC greater than 0.9 has high accuracy, while 0.7–0.9 indicates moderate accuracy and 0.5–0.7 low accuracy. CD31 = Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; HYAL2 = Hyaluronidase 2; ICAM1 = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; TFRC = Transferrin Receptor; TNF = Tumor Necrosis Factor; VEGFA = Vascular endothelial growth factor A.