The presence of antimony, as a dopant in the colloidal growth reaction for CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)S2 (CIGS) nanocrystals, causes end-to-end fusion of nanorod pairs into nanodumbbells at high yield. The influence of the dopant on shape is indirect; antimony catalyzes the incorporation of gallium, which is found in high concentration at the junction between the fused nanorods.
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Singh et al. (2015) studied this question.
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