An electric field directed perpendicular to the surface of a superconductor changes the superconducting properties near the surface and creates an additional barrier for flux penetration into the sample. This effect is characterized by the value lD/{ξ}, where lD is the Debye screening length and {ξ} is the coherence length, and can be neglected in conventional superconductors with lD{}{ξ}. However, in high-temperature superconductors, where lD/{ξ}{~}1, the effect is very pronounced and could be used for improvement of the transport critical current.
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Burlachkov et al. (1993) studied this question.
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