A review on the electric vehicle routing problems

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) is an extension of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), wherein electric vehicles (EVs) are utilized instead of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Electric vehicles have a limited driving range due to their battery capacity and require recharging to complete their routes. Charging can take place at any battery level and can be done up to the battery capacity. Furthermore, the charging speed may vary depending on the technical infrastructure of the charging station (CS). In certain real-life applications, battery swap stations (BSSs) are used in conjunction with charging stations. This study specifically focuses on articles that discuss the use of electric vehicles in logistics activities, where they are charged during the route or through battery swapping. Firstly, the electric vehicle routing problem is introduced, explaining the evolution from the vehicle routing problem to the electric vehicle routing problem. Subsequently, a mathematical model for the electric vehicle routing problem is presented. The literature on the electric vehicle routing problem is then summarized using data and visuals, and classified based on different characteristics such as assumptions, constraints, problem types, and solution approaches. The emphasis is placed on the notable aspects and solution approaches within each category. Finally, future research opportunities are summarized.