Why the study?
Global polio eradication is threatened by oral polio vaccine genetic instability leading to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses in low vaccination coverage communities or immunodeficient individuals.
Does environmental surveillance detect circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 that is undetected by acute flaccid paralysis surveillance?
Does environmental surveillance detect circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 that is undetected by acute flaccid paralysis surveillance?
Environmental surveillance is highly sensitive and can detect circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 even when clinical acute flaccid paralysis surveillance fails to identify cases.
Environmental surveillance may detect silent cVDPV2 missed by AFP; leaves open optimal monitoring strategies for eradication.
The success of the global polio eradication initiative is threatened by the genetic instability of the oral polio vaccine, which can result in the emergence of pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses following prolonged replication in the guts of individuals with primary immune deficiencies or in communities with low vaccination coverage. Through environmental surveillance, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was detected in Uganda in the absence of detection by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. This underscores the sensitivity of environmental surveillance and emphasizes its usefulness in supplementing AFP surveillance for poliovirus infections in the race towards global polio eradication.
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Tushabe et al. (2023) studied this question.
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