Bagnold's bed load transport model is reexamined by using only the momentum equation, the Coulomb yield criteria and the definition of the rate of energy dissipation for a shearing fluid. The general form of Bagnold's bed load equation is rederived but with two specific differences: Coulomb's yield criteria tan ϕ = T/P holds only at the interface between regions of shearing and nonshearing grains, and the ratio of the mean to maximum granular velocity Ū/Umax enters as an additional factor.
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Bailard et al. (1979) studied this question.
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