A mild, catalyst- and metal-free photochemical protocol for the oxygenation of 3-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridines to 5-cyano-2-pyridones was developed. Utilizing molecular oxygen from the air as the oxidant and a cheap blue LED lamp as the light source, a variety of 3-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridines were converted into the corresponding 5-cyano-2-pyridones in moderate to excellent yields. Exploration of the substrate scope revealed that 3-cyano and 4-aryl groups play an important role in the formation of 2-pyridone.
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Zhang et al. (2020) studied this question.
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