An experimental and theoretical analysis of cylindrical liquid jets subjected to vibration

It is established that the Rayleigh-Weber capillary type instability on liquid jets may be triggered by velocity modulation at the injector. It is shown that by application of mechanical vibration in the appropriate frequency range, such velocity modulation can be induced. A second-order analysis is developed to cover the case of very small initiating modulation amplitudes. With finite velocity modulation it is demonstrated that considerable liquid bunching occurs which results in the formation of disks on the jet. A modified Rayleigh analysis is carried out which qualitatively covers characteristics observed in the region of finite velocity modulation. Vibration acceleration values of 200 g and more were found necessary to enter the region where the liquid bunching mechanism predominates over the surface tension mechanism.