The alloying effects of Nb, Zr, and/or Sn on the phase stability and elastic properties of Ti are investigated by using a first-principles method. Our calculation results indicate that a carefully designed Ti–Nb–Zr–Sn system can be a good candidate for low modulus biomedical materials. We find that the well-known correlation between the e∕a ratio and both elastic and phase stabilities for Ti alloyed with transition metal elements breaks down for the Ti–Sn alloy.
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Hu et al. (2008) studied this question.
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