A novel method for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted indolines, employing bifunctional amino(thio)urea catalysts, was developed. The reaction proceeded via an intramolecular aza-Michael addition mediated by activation through hydrogen bonding. The catalytic process was shown to be highly versatile and applicable to a wide range of substrates due to the flexible catalytic mechanism utilizing a noncovalent interaction.
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Miyaji et al. (2013) studied this question.
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