In the presence of titanium(IV) chloride, ethyl 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylates reacted with imines to give γ-lactams. Especially, when N-tosyl aldimines were employed, cis-3,4-disubstituted γ-lactams were obtained in good yields with high diastereoselectivity.
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Saigo et al. (1990) studied this question.
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