This circuit may be used to measure the complex dielectric function (admittance) between 0.01 Hz and 1 kHz in the frequency domain in either the guarded three-terminal or four-terminal probe mode, as well as step-function response (voltage creep or current relaxation) in the time domain. Signals from the unknown impedance and the standard impedance are processed using dc coupled operational amplifiers, the gains of which are varied to balance the bridge.
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Lakes et al. (1975) studied this question.
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